JSHS Poster Presentations 2020
Oliwia Skoczylas, Ankara High School, Turkey
Mentor: Penelope Ahearn Er, Ankara High School
Sound Frequency Makes Specific Patterns
I really like a big variety of music and I noticed that certain music makes me feel a certain way. Since I know that ultimately humans are made of waves, I wondered what type of wave makes a person feel a certain way. I decided to see how different sound wave frequencies actually look. I used a laser, a mirror, and a speaker with a membrane. The results showed that lower frequency sounds produce larger shapes. We concluded that the frequency of a sound affects the vibration of the membrane and hence the shape produced.
I really like a big variety of music and I noticed that certain music makes me feel a certain way. Since I know that ultimately humans are made of waves, I wondered what type of wave makes a person feel a certain way. I decided to see how different sound wave frequencies actually look. I used a laser, a mirror, and a speaker with a membrane. The results showed that lower frequency sounds produce larger shapes. We concluded that the frequency of a sound affects the vibration of the membrane and hence the shape produced.
Click to set custom HTML
Arman Markarian, Brussels High School, Belgium
Mentor: Amy Parlo, Brussels High School
Comparing Data Compression in Various Archive File Formats
Data compression is the process of reducing the amount of data necessary to store a given piece of information. Since the 1970s, compression has been widely used in computing with the intent of saving storage space and/or network bandwidth. Today, computer users have a relatively wide set of compression solutions to choose from, in the form of archive file formats. Archive files contain other files within them, and the majority of these formats are designed for compression. This study compares three of the most widely used archive formats: ZIP, RAR, and 7z. By selecting three filesets and compressing each set with each format, the researcher was able to determine which format is the best at compression. The results indicate that 7z is the most effective format from a compression standpoint, with RAR taking second place, and ZIP being the least effective format. Each format has its own algorithms for compression, with ZIP and 7z both having several algorithms, and RAR only having one. The researcher hypothesized that archive file formats which use several compression algorithms compress files more effectively than those which use only a single algorithm. The results do not entirely reflect this, because, despite only having a single algorithm, RAR still proved to be a very capable format, and ZIP, which employs many algorithms, significantly underperformed in comparison.
Data compression is the process of reducing the amount of data necessary to store a given piece of information. Since the 1970s, compression has been widely used in computing with the intent of saving storage space and/or network bandwidth. Today, computer users have a relatively wide set of compression solutions to choose from, in the form of archive file formats. Archive files contain other files within them, and the majority of these formats are designed for compression. This study compares three of the most widely used archive formats: ZIP, RAR, and 7z. By selecting three filesets and compressing each set with each format, the researcher was able to determine which format is the best at compression. The results indicate that 7z is the most effective format from a compression standpoint, with RAR taking second place, and ZIP being the least effective format. Each format has its own algorithms for compression, with ZIP and 7z both having several algorithms, and RAR only having one. The researcher hypothesized that archive file formats which use several compression algorithms compress files more effectively than those which use only a single algorithm. The results do not entirely reflect this, because, despite only having a single algorithm, RAR still proved to be a very capable format, and ZIP, which employs many algorithms, significantly underperformed in comparison.
Abigail Hawkes, Sigonella High School, Sicily
Mentor: Marsha McCauley, Sigonella High School
Tangible Animation: The Motion Box
This project strives to put music into motion and harness the power of electromagnetism through a mechanism called a “Motion Box.” This device - giving the appearance of an open music box - uses magnets to manipulate a suspended central object and the turning of a wooden dowel to initiate a music-based sequence of movements. After several attempts, a successful - though not fully functional - design was constructed. The inventor intends to later construct her final design as during the process, this was not possible. The placement of the magnets is determined by a short piece of music, much like a music box’s wheel. The device is meant to explore the correlations between sound and movement, hoping to discover commonalities between the two. For the author, this device is a means of discovering magnetic properties and interactions. The creator acknowledges that these concepts have likely already been discovered and mapped in depth, but wishes to use her project as a means of discovering them for herself, and for sparking interest in the non-scientific community. The idea of Tangible Animation and finding continued connection between the artistic and scientific worlds greatly inspired this project and the research behind it. The creator will continue to explore the concepts discussed, and use this design as the basis for further research regarding sound, electromagnetism, human reactions to certain stimuli in relation to others (the allure of movement), and the correlations existing between each of these fields and the artistic universe.
This project strives to put music into motion and harness the power of electromagnetism through a mechanism called a “Motion Box.” This device - giving the appearance of an open music box - uses magnets to manipulate a suspended central object and the turning of a wooden dowel to initiate a music-based sequence of movements. After several attempts, a successful - though not fully functional - design was constructed. The inventor intends to later construct her final design as during the process, this was not possible. The placement of the magnets is determined by a short piece of music, much like a music box’s wheel. The device is meant to explore the correlations between sound and movement, hoping to discover commonalities between the two. For the author, this device is a means of discovering magnetic properties and interactions. The creator acknowledges that these concepts have likely already been discovered and mapped in depth, but wishes to use her project as a means of discovering them for herself, and for sparking interest in the non-scientific community. The idea of Tangible Animation and finding continued connection between the artistic and scientific worlds greatly inspired this project and the research behind it. The creator will continue to explore the concepts discussed, and use this design as the basis for further research regarding sound, electromagnetism, human reactions to certain stimuli in relation to others (the allure of movement), and the correlations existing between each of these fields and the artistic universe.
Simona Brūzgaitė, Ankara High School, Turkey
Mentor: Penelope Ahearn Er, Ankara High School
I tested for the presence of genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) in barley and lentils. I want to be fully aware of the contents of the food that I consume. I conducted my experiment by placing a few grains into a beaker filled with protein-based lateral flow liquid and inserting a test strip. 68% of the grains tested positive for GMOs, contrary to my hypothesized 80%. A chi-squared analysis of the data revealed that the null hypothesis was rejected, suggesting that the higher proportion of GMO grains vs non-GMO grains was significant. I had some trouble timing when to remove the test strip from the solution in order to produce accurate results. Overall, the lentils tended to be GMO-positive more frequently than the barley. I would like to thank my biology teacher Ms. Penelope Ahearn Er and Dr. Beril Erdem for aiding me in my research.
Trey Bredlow, Kaiserslautern High School, Germany
Mentor: Nancy Hoehn, Kaiserslautern High School
How do People Work with Different Noises in the Background?
The purpose of this experiment was to test if students worked most efficiently in situations with minimal noise, such as air conditioners and rain, or situations with more noise, such as music playing, people talking, or construction equipment in the background. I acquired multiple groups of students and performed multiple experiments on each group. I first sat each group down and gave them a reading comprehension test and gave them two minutes to read one section and answer the following five questions, with different noises playing in each repeated experiment, as listed above. Most of my observations indicated that students worked best in situations with little to no noise in the background, with few working just as efficiently in situations with noises that most would consider disruptive. Most students work best in situations with little to no noise, while few work well in high noise situations.
The purpose of this experiment was to test if students worked most efficiently in situations with minimal noise, such as air conditioners and rain, or situations with more noise, such as music playing, people talking, or construction equipment in the background. I acquired multiple groups of students and performed multiple experiments on each group. I first sat each group down and gave them a reading comprehension test and gave them two minutes to read one section and answer the following five questions, with different noises playing in each repeated experiment, as listed above. Most of my observations indicated that students worked best in situations with little to no noise in the background, with few working just as efficiently in situations with noises that most would consider disruptive. Most students work best in situations with little to no noise, while few work well in high noise situations.
Chloe Culbertson, Ramstein High School, Germany
Mentor: Michelle Harrrington, Ramstein High School
The Hand-eye coordination of piano students vs. athletic students.
The purpose of this study was to determine if hand-eye coordination was superior in students that play piano in comparison with students that play sports. Both activities require students to have good hand-eye coordination. The researcher completed a quantitative study. The participants for the study were 37 female high school students from Ramstein High School. The independent variable for this study was if the students play piano or sports. The researcher had a control group of students that did not play piano or sports. The researcher used T-tests and mode, median, and mean as a statistical analysis method. The researcher concluded that basketball students have better hand-eye coordination than piano students. There was not a significant difference between the control group, volleyball students, and piano students.
The purpose of this study was to determine if hand-eye coordination was superior in students that play piano in comparison with students that play sports. Both activities require students to have good hand-eye coordination. The researcher completed a quantitative study. The participants for the study were 37 female high school students from Ramstein High School. The independent variable for this study was if the students play piano or sports. The researcher had a control group of students that did not play piano or sports. The researcher used T-tests and mode, median, and mean as a statistical analysis method. The researcher concluded that basketball students have better hand-eye coordination than piano students. There was not a significant difference between the control group, volleyball students, and piano students.
Ethan Mandojana, Ankara High School, Turkey
Mentor: Penelope Ahearn Er, Ankara High School
String Theory: A Tale of the Violin
I have been playing the violin for 8 years. I love performing and playing for people. Over the years, I’ve observed that many violinists prefer strings made from different materials. Personally, I have noticed that when I play, a gold E string sounds very different from a silver-steel E string. I wanted to find out what causes this difference. For my investigation, I compared the tensions, lengths, spectrum analyzer images, and frequencies of the two types of strings. I concluded that none of these factors were the cause of the sound variation of the strings, so I investigated further. I then identified and measured the timbre of the two strings using a frequency analyzer program.
I have been playing the violin for 8 years. I love performing and playing for people. Over the years, I’ve observed that many violinists prefer strings made from different materials. Personally, I have noticed that when I play, a gold E string sounds very different from a silver-steel E string. I wanted to find out what causes this difference. For my investigation, I compared the tensions, lengths, spectrum analyzer images, and frequencies of the two types of strings. I concluded that none of these factors were the cause of the sound variation of the strings, so I investigated further. I then identified and measured the timbre of the two strings using a frequency analyzer program.
Noah Lohan, Sigonella High School, Sicily
Mentor: Marsha McCauley, Sigonella High School
Application of Hydrophobic Coatings to the Hulls of Boats
The purpose of this inquiry was to answer the question: If a hydrophobic coating was applied to the hull of a boat, what would be the effects on the speed? Three different test substances were tested and compared, and it has been concluded from the data that the hydrophobic coating makes boats faster.
The purpose of this inquiry was to answer the question: If a hydrophobic coating was applied to the hull of a boat, what would be the effects on the speed? Three different test substances were tested and compared, and it has been concluded from the data that the hydrophobic coating makes boats faster.
Davit Markarian, Brussels High School, Belgium
Mentor: Amy Parlo, Brussels High School
“The Future of The Internet of Things: Efficiently Running Cross-platform Apps
Smart” devices have taken off in the past few years and are continuing to grow in popularity. Succeeding the smartphone is now smart wearable technology, such as smartwatches or glasses. Smart
home technology is also taking off with personal voice-controlled assistants that are capable of turning on and off lights and appliances when told to do so. All this technology is part of an impending technological revolution based off the Internet of Things, or IoT, the concept of connecting more common appliances to the internet, allowing them to be controlled and automated easily. As more devices become connected, they will start serving as platforms upon which apps can be built on. Current examples of these platforms can be found with smartwatches which enable one to download apps and watchfaces as well as smart assistants where “skills” can be downloaded to enhance their feature sets. This paper seeks to answer the question: How does a manufacturer ensure that, when they release a new model of their smart product, they can retain compatibility with the existing selection of apps? Using the example of an early, defunct smartwatch platform known as the Pebble, this paper analyzes techniques for preserving older apps on newer platforms using a custom-built simulation technology, something that will decrease costs for manufacturers while making IoT-enabled smart devices more consumer-friendly.
Smart” devices have taken off in the past few years and are continuing to grow in popularity. Succeeding the smartphone is now smart wearable technology, such as smartwatches or glasses. Smart
home technology is also taking off with personal voice-controlled assistants that are capable of turning on and off lights and appliances when told to do so. All this technology is part of an impending technological revolution based off the Internet of Things, or IoT, the concept of connecting more common appliances to the internet, allowing them to be controlled and automated easily. As more devices become connected, they will start serving as platforms upon which apps can be built on. Current examples of these platforms can be found with smartwatches which enable one to download apps and watchfaces as well as smart assistants where “skills” can be downloaded to enhance their feature sets. This paper seeks to answer the question: How does a manufacturer ensure that, when they release a new model of their smart product, they can retain compatibility with the existing selection of apps? Using the example of an early, defunct smartwatch platform known as the Pebble, this paper analyzes techniques for preserving older apps on newer platforms using a custom-built simulation technology, something that will decrease costs for manufacturers while making IoT-enabled smart devices more consumer-friendly.
Alexandra Czajkowska, Ankara High School, Turkey
Mentor: Penelope Ahearn Er, Ankara High School
Which Fruit Has More Vitamin C?
Lots of the food that I eat is cooked so I wanted to see whether the Vitamin C levels in fruits change after being heated up. I personally love eating fruits, and I know that Vitamin C helps with nails so wanted to see which cooked fruit might best benefit me most. I squeezed fruit and then heated it up in a variety of media. To my surprise, the amount of vitamin C didn’t change after being heated up. It was terrific to find out that Vitamin C really doesn’t change after being heated up. One problem I had was running low on lemon and lime juice. Perhaps I could have squeezed a little more. I acknowledge Mrs. Ahearn Er for giving me the iodine, and my dad for being my assistant.
Lots of the food that I eat is cooked so I wanted to see whether the Vitamin C levels in fruits change after being heated up. I personally love eating fruits, and I know that Vitamin C helps with nails so wanted to see which cooked fruit might best benefit me most. I squeezed fruit and then heated it up in a variety of media. To my surprise, the amount of vitamin C didn’t change after being heated up. It was terrific to find out that Vitamin C really doesn’t change after being heated up. One problem I had was running low on lemon and lime juice. Perhaps I could have squeezed a little more. I acknowledge Mrs. Ahearn Er for giving me the iodine, and my dad for being my assistant.
Desiree Daniels, Kaiserslautern High School, Germany
Mentor: Nancy Hoehn, Kaiserslautern High School
How Does Screen Time Affect GPA?
This experiment was designed to test if screen time affects students’ GPA. This a common question amongst elders in our current 21st century society, as the effects of technology continue to supposedly erode the brains of the youth. While some tests have been done to experiment this question, an answer has never really been found. We’ve hypothesized that this may be due to the lack of scrutiny towards potential lurking variables, and have therefore developed a design to combat this possible hiccup. In this experiment we collected data from a random sample of students, including their average daily screen time and GPA for the preceding semester, as well as the individual’s three most used apps and the time periods in which they use their device the most. This experiment has been limited to cell phone use, as modern technology provides this precise information in one location.
This experiment was designed to test if screen time affects students’ GPA. This a common question amongst elders in our current 21st century society, as the effects of technology continue to supposedly erode the brains of the youth. While some tests have been done to experiment this question, an answer has never really been found. We’ve hypothesized that this may be due to the lack of scrutiny towards potential lurking variables, and have therefore developed a design to combat this possible hiccup. In this experiment we collected data from a random sample of students, including their average daily screen time and GPA for the preceding semester, as well as the individual’s three most used apps and the time periods in which they use their device the most. This experiment has been limited to cell phone use, as modern technology provides this precise information in one location.
Alayna Potter, Ramstein High School, Germany
Mentor: Michelle Harrrington, Ramstein High School
Lung Capacity Among Athletes of Diverse Sports
The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if athletes who participate in sports that include vigorous cardiovascular activity such as swimming and running retain a higher lung capacity than athletes who participate in sports such as cheerleading. The participants for this study were 35 female high school students. The participants do swimming, basketball, runners, and cheerleaders. The researcher used a spirometry instrument to measure the lung capacity of each participant before and after the exercise. The data was collected three times for each participant. The researcher used T-test, mean, mode, and median as an analysis methods. The researcher found a statistically difference in the lung capacity of the swimmers and basketball players in comparison with the runners and the cheerleaders.
The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if athletes who participate in sports that include vigorous cardiovascular activity such as swimming and running retain a higher lung capacity than athletes who participate in sports such as cheerleading. The participants for this study were 35 female high school students. The participants do swimming, basketball, runners, and cheerleaders. The researcher used a spirometry instrument to measure the lung capacity of each participant before and after the exercise. The data was collected three times for each participant. The researcher used T-test, mean, mode, and median as an analysis methods. The researcher found a statistically difference in the lung capacity of the swimmers and basketball players in comparison with the runners and the cheerleaders.
Erin Taylor, Stuttgart High School, Germany
Mentor: Daniel Coapstick, Stuttgart High School
Impact of Three Strikes Law in California
The Three Strikes Law was passed in California in 1994 in hopes of deterring crime and keeping habitual crime offenders off the streets. It did this by appointing strikes to convictions so the first strike had to be a felony conviction, while the second strike results in a double prison sentence and a third strike results in life in prison could be misdoneers. The law was later amended in 2012 due to its overly harsh impacts, sentencing people to life in prison when the third crime they committed was as minor as stealing small amounts of food. It was amended with the introduction of Proposition 36 which requires the third strike to be a serious or violent felony. This project will conduct a statistical analysis to determine if the law and its amendment are able to decrease recidivism. The methodology will consist of a comprehensive comparison of the pre and post-law recidivism rates. Comparing two independent variables one being the serious crimes such as homicide, rape, robbery, assault commited; the second variable bieng recidvism rates of the same crimes.
The Three Strikes Law was passed in California in 1994 in hopes of deterring crime and keeping habitual crime offenders off the streets. It did this by appointing strikes to convictions so the first strike had to be a felony conviction, while the second strike results in a double prison sentence and a third strike results in life in prison could be misdoneers. The law was later amended in 2012 due to its overly harsh impacts, sentencing people to life in prison when the third crime they committed was as minor as stealing small amounts of food. It was amended with the introduction of Proposition 36 which requires the third strike to be a serious or violent felony. This project will conduct a statistical analysis to determine if the law and its amendment are able to decrease recidivism. The methodology will consist of a comprehensive comparison of the pre and post-law recidivism rates. Comparing two independent variables one being the serious crimes such as homicide, rape, robbery, assault commited; the second variable bieng recidvism rates of the same crimes.
Shawnakay Dudley, Vicenza High School, Italy
Mentor: Ryan Goodfellow, Vicenza High School
Can Algae Help Reverse The Effects Of Pollutants In City Based River Water?
The water in city rivers contains many impurities and pollutants which is detrimental to the environment. This experiment focuses is on using naturally occurring algae instead of artificial substances to fix this problem. Water from the Nene River, was paired with 3 common indigenous algaes, (Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae, Chlorophyta) each weighing 500g. Experiments were conducted in an insulated greenhouse, and lasted 16 days. Tests conducted include biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH and phosphate. Success of the experiment was determined by the amount of change between the test results of the samples. The result rate was different in all algae tested. The algae samples all showed measurable change, such as pH level lowering. Water turbidity was measured and noted, as with temperature and depth of water.
The water in city rivers contains many impurities and pollutants which is detrimental to the environment. This experiment focuses is on using naturally occurring algae instead of artificial substances to fix this problem. Water from the Nene River, was paired with 3 common indigenous algaes, (Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae, Chlorophyta) each weighing 500g. Experiments were conducted in an insulated greenhouse, and lasted 16 days. Tests conducted include biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH and phosphate. Success of the experiment was determined by the amount of change between the test results of the samples. The result rate was different in all algae tested. The algae samples all showed measurable change, such as pH level lowering. Water turbidity was measured and noted, as with temperature and depth of water.
Hailey Shoda, Sigonella High School, Sicily
Mentor: Marsha McCauley, Sigonella High School
Does Compost Have an Effect on the Growth of Plants?
The purpose of this experiment was to determine which combination of compost best enhances the growth of tomato plants. Composting is the best form of improving the environment because it uses organic matter to improve the chemical and physical properties of a plant. It was hypothesized that the compost combination of dry leaves, potato peels, and lawn clippings would yield the most growth because research that was conducted by Bonhotal and Krasny from Cornell University and Monson and Murugappan stated that a combination of these nutrients would properly suffice for the nutrients needed by the tomato plants. This experiment was conducted over the span of four weeks and four days. The results showed that the tomato plant with the peach and apple compost combination yielded the highest height while the grass and potatoes combination yielded the most amount of stems present. From this project, it can be concluded that compost does have a positive effect on the growth of plants but different organic matters contribute to different aspects of the growth of a tomato plant.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine which combination of compost best enhances the growth of tomato plants. Composting is the best form of improving the environment because it uses organic matter to improve the chemical and physical properties of a plant. It was hypothesized that the compost combination of dry leaves, potato peels, and lawn clippings would yield the most growth because research that was conducted by Bonhotal and Krasny from Cornell University and Monson and Murugappan stated that a combination of these nutrients would properly suffice for the nutrients needed by the tomato plants. This experiment was conducted over the span of four weeks and four days. The results showed that the tomato plant with the peach and apple compost combination yielded the highest height while the grass and potatoes combination yielded the most amount of stems present. From this project, it can be concluded that compost does have a positive effect on the growth of plants but different organic matters contribute to different aspects of the growth of a tomato plant.
Elizabeth Glass,Vilseck High School, Germany
Mentor: Mary Corrigan, Vilseck High School
Implicit Gender Bias in American Teens
Eliminating unconscious gender bias is an important factor in reaching gender equality, yet very
few people realize what an issue it is. Unconscious biases are the automatic assumptions people
make in situations, and are shaped by the way people are socialized to the world around them.
While people have been working towards gender equality, the lack of awareness about the
unconscious biases people hold will prevent true equality until these biases are addressed. In an
exercise given to a sociology class, teenagers were given incomplete sentences about a member
(whose gender was not revealed) of a certain profession and asked to continue the story using a
few sentences. The unconscious gender biases were revealed through the pronouns used to
complete the story. The results support the idea of gender bias, as jobs recognized as masculine
tended to receive the male pronouns, and jobs recognized as feminine received female pronouns.
Eliminating unconscious gender bias is an important factor in reaching gender equality, yet very
few people realize what an issue it is. Unconscious biases are the automatic assumptions people
make in situations, and are shaped by the way people are socialized to the world around them.
While people have been working towards gender equality, the lack of awareness about the
unconscious biases people hold will prevent true equality until these biases are addressed. In an
exercise given to a sociology class, teenagers were given incomplete sentences about a member
(whose gender was not revealed) of a certain profession and asked to continue the story using a
few sentences. The unconscious gender biases were revealed through the pronouns used to
complete the story. The results support the idea of gender bias, as jobs recognized as masculine
tended to receive the male pronouns, and jobs recognized as feminine received female pronouns.
Lauren Schmidt, Stuttgart High School, Germany
Mentor: Daniel Coapstick, Stuttgart High School
Judicial Diversity in Criminal Courts
As the United States becomes increasingly diversified and crime and incarceration rates in metropolitan areas rise, it is crucial to examine the demographic composition of the juries giving these sentences. The goal of the following study is to determine if race plays a role in how juries make decisions, and whether courts should be more representative of the ethnic demographics of the area of jurisdiction. First, one must determine the process in which jurors are selected (which differs based on court), and note that voir dire may leave some room for attorneys to skew the composition of a jury. Next, it is important to explore judicial bias based on partisanship, socioeconomic background, and many other factors, as has been measured by many different scholars using many different methods, including statistical analyses of past judge decisions, courtroom simulations, and comparative analyses. The following study strives to
determine whether or not having more non-White judges on a jury results in less severe incarceration sentences for defendants of color. Due to the crime and incarceration rates and a previous study conducted by Dr. Allison P. Harris of Yale University, the data will come from the Cook County Courthouse in Chicago, Illinois. The data will undergo a statistical analysis involving logistic regression with random effects models to account for unforeseeable socioeconomic variables that may impact a judge’s decision. The dataset is currently under review.
As the United States becomes increasingly diversified and crime and incarceration rates in metropolitan areas rise, it is crucial to examine the demographic composition of the juries giving these sentences. The goal of the following study is to determine if race plays a role in how juries make decisions, and whether courts should be more representative of the ethnic demographics of the area of jurisdiction. First, one must determine the process in which jurors are selected (which differs based on court), and note that voir dire may leave some room for attorneys to skew the composition of a jury. Next, it is important to explore judicial bias based on partisanship, socioeconomic background, and many other factors, as has been measured by many different scholars using many different methods, including statistical analyses of past judge decisions, courtroom simulations, and comparative analyses. The following study strives to
determine whether or not having more non-White judges on a jury results in less severe incarceration sentences for defendants of color. Due to the crime and incarceration rates and a previous study conducted by Dr. Allison P. Harris of Yale University, the data will come from the Cook County Courthouse in Chicago, Illinois. The data will undergo a statistical analysis involving logistic regression with random effects models to account for unforeseeable socioeconomic variables that may impact a judge’s decision. The dataset is currently under review.
Alexandra Bondurant, Rota High School, Spain
Mentor: Noel Ramos, Rota High School
Trends Within Personality Traits and Behavioral Sleep Patterns in Adolescents
This study’s purpose was to find a correlation between personality traits and behavioral sleep patterns in adolescents with the use of the Five Factor Model. The hypothesis presented in the study was that there was a possible correlation between personality traits of an individual and their behavioral sleep patterns, specifically in the personality trait of Neuroticism. Alongside this hypothesis, a null hypothesis was also presented. To find this correlation an online survey was created to gather data upon the various participants. To calculate the likelihood of a correlation’s validity, the Spearman Rho test was used upon the data. After the testing, the study supported the original hypothesis and rejects the null hypothesis, showing that there was a very weak correlation of 0.193 between quality of sleep and Neuroticism.
This study’s purpose was to find a correlation between personality traits and behavioral sleep patterns in adolescents with the use of the Five Factor Model. The hypothesis presented in the study was that there was a possible correlation between personality traits of an individual and their behavioral sleep patterns, specifically in the personality trait of Neuroticism. Alongside this hypothesis, a null hypothesis was also presented. To find this correlation an online survey was created to gather data upon the various participants. To calculate the likelihood of a correlation’s validity, the Spearman Rho test was used upon the data. After the testing, the study supported the original hypothesis and rejects the null hypothesis, showing that there was a very weak correlation of 0.193 between quality of sleep and Neuroticism.
David Wigton, Kaiserslautern High School, Germany
Mentor: Nancy Hoehn, Kaiserslautern High School
Efficient use of Resources, Placing Trash Cans Properly
It is generally encouraged to place as many trash cans in as many places as possible to have the highest recycling rate, however this experiment and it’s limited conclusions try to find the ideal amount of trash cans and where they should be placed to maximize the recycling rate. The research performed consisted of 21 data points over three days in Kaiserslautern High School, of which it deemed not resource efficient to place trash cans anywhere and everywhere. The experiment found that the ideal placement of trash cans ranges from 70-85% visibility, the ability for the average person to see a trash can from a highly trafficked area. The experiment was done with students as the target audience, which may be a limiting factor along with the time of which the data was taken at midday. The aim of the experiment was to find a more resource efficient and effective way of placing trash cans to waste less plastic and help encourage recycling.
It is generally encouraged to place as many trash cans in as many places as possible to have the highest recycling rate, however this experiment and it’s limited conclusions try to find the ideal amount of trash cans and where they should be placed to maximize the recycling rate. The research performed consisted of 21 data points over three days in Kaiserslautern High School, of which it deemed not resource efficient to place trash cans anywhere and everywhere. The experiment found that the ideal placement of trash cans ranges from 70-85% visibility, the ability for the average person to see a trash can from a highly trafficked area. The experiment was done with students as the target audience, which may be a limiting factor along with the time of which the data was taken at midday. The aim of the experiment was to find a more resource efficient and effective way of placing trash cans to waste less plastic and help encourage recycling.
Ethan Lohan, Sigonella High School, Sicily
Mentor: Marsha McCauley, Sigonella High School
Comparison of Carbon Emissions between Biofuels
Carbon emissions and greenhouse gasses are a large and looming problem which affects the entire world through global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. To combat these problems, scientists have tested the viability of biofuels and alternative fuel sources. The purpose of this paper is to explore the variations in carbon emissions from a diverse set of fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and sugar based ethanol. To test these fuels, 3 milliliters of the fuel were burned in a ceramic bowl, and measured with a handheld carbon detector to find their part per million measurement of carbon. The hypothesis was if carbon emissions come from a carbon based fuel source like sugar ethanol, then the emissions of carbon will be higher than that of gasoline. A null hypothesis can also be derived from this data; that the emissions of primarily carbon based fuel will have no significance to the emissions of gasoline. The data from the experiment demonstrated that not every biofuel is good for the environment. Carbon based biofuels produced more parts per million carbon dioxide. Even though gasoline appears bad for the environment, the alternative may not be better.
Carbon emissions and greenhouse gasses are a large and looming problem which affects the entire world through global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. To combat these problems, scientists have tested the viability of biofuels and alternative fuel sources. The purpose of this paper is to explore the variations in carbon emissions from a diverse set of fuels, including gasoline, diesel, and sugar based ethanol. To test these fuels, 3 milliliters of the fuel were burned in a ceramic bowl, and measured with a handheld carbon detector to find their part per million measurement of carbon. The hypothesis was if carbon emissions come from a carbon based fuel source like sugar ethanol, then the emissions of carbon will be higher than that of gasoline. A null hypothesis can also be derived from this data; that the emissions of primarily carbon based fuel will have no significance to the emissions of gasoline. The data from the experiment demonstrated that not every biofuel is good for the environment. Carbon based biofuels produced more parts per million carbon dioxide. Even though gasoline appears bad for the environment, the alternative may not be better.